Category Archives: Jordan

Green Prophet: Troubling Developments for the Jordanian Anti-Nuclear Movement

nuclear-power-jordan-Jordan’s King Abdullah says Israel has been trying to ‘distrupt’ its nuclear plans. Does placing Israel in the same camp as the anti-nuclear movement in Jordan have negative implications for the success and popularity of the campaign?

 Since 2009, when Jordan first announced its nuclear ambitions, the country has been through a parliamentary review of nuclear power, accusations of slander by the head of the Jordanian Atomic Energy Commission and dozens of  protests stating that the costs – both financial and environmental –  of nuclear power has not been sufficiently assessed. There is now a new plot twist in the Jordanian nuclear ambition saga. King Abdullah has accused Israel of disrupting Jordan’s nuclear programme. Speaking to Ynet News, he remarked: “When we started going down the road of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, we approached some highly responsible countries to work with us. And pretty soon we realized that Israel was putting pressure on those countries to disrupt any cooperation with us.”
This statement is in my view hugely damaging to Jordan’s anti-nuclear movement. Firstly because support for nuclear power will no doubt be given a boost in retaliation to the news that Israel has been interfering. Secondly, because those trying to stop nuclear could now be seen as siding with a national enemy.
It’s a really tricky situation and one which the environmental movement is trying to downplay. I emailed a campaigner at Greenpeace Jordan, which has been actively campaigning against the nuclear plans for two years now, who said that this news won’t have any impact. “I think that the people who are concerned about the health and environmental consequences of the plant won’t stop the Anti-Nuclear campaign… We have the green alternative and even Japan announced that they will phase out the nuclear plant that they have.” They added, “I won’t lose hope.In 2009, it was announced that the country would begin construction of a nuclear plant in 2011 but one year later and there is nothing. Nuclear plants are notoriously difficult to plan but the delay could be one reason that King Abdullah II has chosen to highlight Israeli opposition to his nuclear ambitions now. At a time when support for nuclear is low, equating anti-nuclear sentiment with Israel does seem one cynical way to garner support for nuclear power.Back in June 2012, the nuclear programme was declared ‘hazardous and costly’ by a Jordanian parliamentary committee. A petition signed by hundreds of representatives of professional organisations, political parties and parliamentarians was also handed into the South Korean embassy in Amman asking them to halt work. A South Korean business consortium is tasked with building the nuclear reactor.

:: Originally published at GreenProphet.com on 17 Sept 2012.

Al Jazeera: Can water end the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Could solving the water crisis in Israel and Palestine also help resolve the entrenched occupation and conflict? By Arwa Aburawa
Israeli officials destroy a water storage facility used by Palestinian farmers outside the West Bank village of Yatta, near the Israeli settlement of Sosia, in early June [EPA]

Around three weeks ago on a late Tuesday morning, Israeli soldiers armed with a truck and a digger entered the Palestinian village of Amniyr and destroyed nine water tanks. One week later, Israeli forces demolished water wells and water pumps in the villages of Al-Nasaryah, Al-Akrabanyah and Beit Hassan in the Jordan Valley. In Bethlehem, a severe water shortage have led to riots in refugee camps and forced hoteliers to pay over the odds for water just to stop tourists from leaving.

Palestinians insist that the Israeli occupation means that they are consistently denied their water rights which is why they have to live on 50 litres of water a day while Israeli settlers enjoy the luxury of 280 litres. Clearly, water is at the heart of the Israel-Palestine conflict, but commentators are now insisting that shared water problems could help motivate joint action and better co-operation between both sides, which could in turn help end the conflict.

“It’s a shame that water is being used as a form of collective punishment when it could be used to build trust and to help each side recognise that the other is a human being with water rights,” says Nader Al-Khateeb, the Palestinian director of the environmental NGO Friends of the Earth Middle East (FoEME). Continue reading

Book Review- Shocked and Awed: How the War on Terror and Jihad have Changed the English Language

Fred Halliday, who died aged 64 in April 2010, wrote widely on many subjects related to the Middle East as well as the Muslim community in the UK, but Shocked and Awed is quite different to his other books. In fact, it’s not really a book but a political dictionary of words, turns of phrases and made up terminology which the general public were exposed to in the aftermath of 9/11 and the subsequent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Arranged into twelve chapters, the book studies words that have entered our vocabulary, their meaning, their origins but also- and this is the important bit- they way they influence the way we think and subsequently act. As Halliday reminds us “those who seek to control events, people and their minds also seek to control language.”

The one thing that surprised me about this book was that although the chapters were simply a collection of words which were examined in depth, it was still a really engaging read. As the chapters are short you don’t need to read every entry and you are given a lot more freedom as a reader to dip in and out of the book without losing your thread. Even more surprising was although the chapters didn’t have conclusions, after reading a collection of entries you are left with a clear impression of what words must have enabled (usually war and terror) and how words are so skilfully manipulated by politicians.

See full book review at the Friends of Al Aqsa website.

The Middle East, Food and Biofuels

I have been looking into biofuels in the Middle East recently (see links below), as its an area of ‘green’ development which could be really problematic for the water and food-scarce region and also because there doesn’t appear to be much realization of the dangers of biofuels amongst many MidEast enviros. One of the biggest problems with biofuels is that it pitches the need for food and the need for fuel against each other, drains important resources used for agriculture and also happens to necessity the destruction of forests to make space for land to grow biofuel crops.

The Jatropha plant, which was once hailed as a great biofuel plant for producing diesel fuel for cars, has attracted my attention as it has been taken up by Jordan recently and also because a lot of research is emerging about its problems.

A study of jatropha biofuel production in Kenya by ActionAid found that the supposed ‘green fuel’ produced six times more greenhouse gases than fossil fuels. This was mainly due to the fact that to grow jatropha, forestland was cut down and carbon emissions locked within were released. Furthermore, despite the popular belief that jatropha grows successfully in semi-arid conditions, to make its harvesting economical then you need to put in more water and fertilizer. As such,  many studies have concluded that “if an investment in irrigation and fertilizer is required, why not grow food crops instead.” Thus, the food vs. fuel tension emerges. Continue reading

Bedouin Women to Bring Solar Power to the Desert

I was lucky enough to get the chance to speak to the two women you see pictured above- Rifia and Seiha who are from Jordan- during their stay in India where they were training to become solar engineers. When I eventually managed to track them down (I just kept repeating ‘Jordan?’ to whoever picked up the phone at the college and it worked!), they seemed eager to speak to anyone who spoke Arabic- even if mine is a little on the dodgy side.

This March 2011, they completed their six month training and returned to Jordan to start a new life for their village. Hopefully, they willl manage to attract enough attention for a sponser to pay for the start-up costs for the solar panels- if only so that they get a chance to put their skills into practice and bring solar power to their villages in the harsh deserts of Jordan. Here’s the piece I wrote about them for Green Prophet…. Continue reading

Green Prophet: Covering Eco-Islam In the Middle East

Well, about a month ago I joined Green Prophet as their “Eco-Islam Affairs Editor” which is a very fancy title for saying someone who will cover Muslim related Environment news. So far, its been great!

I’ve always felt that the green message of Islam never gets enough coverage and now, hopefully I will be contributing to righting that wrong. I’ve been getting very nosy and asking people to tell me what fascinating things they are getting up to. And this is what I’ve found out so far!

There was a great campaign called ‘Inspired by Muhammed’ which was attempting to end the association of Islam with terrorism by highlighting the prophet’s love of the environment.

I also broke the story of Cambridge’s plans for a faulous Eco-Mosque with stunning skylights and renewable energy- this story got picked up far and wide and even got picked up by Treehugger! Woohoo!

I’ve had the opportunity to speak to two lovely eco-Muslimahs about how Islam inspires them and also their intiatives towards changing attitudes towards climate change in the environment. Rianne spoke to me about how to ‘Green’ a Muslim wedding and Kristiane about her journey from globetrotting MTV presenter to spreading the eco message of Islam.

I’ve pondered on the (very slowly) changing attitudes towards climate change in the Middle East and also reported on a young Muslimah in Jordan who wanted to promote vegetarianism- wearing a suit of lettuce.

It’s been fun and I have lots of ideas for future posts- I will be looking at organic hijabs and the rise in ethical Muslim fashion as well as sustainable Arab designers making waves in the design world. So I guess stay tuned in and check out my work at Green Prophet!

War Crimes in Gaza Report

With December now under way, we are fast approaching the first anniversary of the war on Gaza during December 2008- January 2009. The 22-day Israeli offensive on the Gaza Strip- which is most densely inhabited place in the world- wreaked havoc on the region and killed over 1,400 Palestinians.

I was commissioned by Friends of Al Aqsa to write a report on the war, which looks at the lead up to the conflict, international complicity, the full extent of the devastation to the civilian infrastructure, medical services and also the aftermath as Gaza remains under siege.

You can download the entire report for free or you can view it here. It’s a really useful primer with all the fact and figures you need to know about the conflict and its various dynamics.

Hope you find it useful.

Keeping the cause alive: Is assimilation leading to annihilation of Palestinian identity?

The Arab: Issue 6 (Nov/Dec 2008)

Palestinian refugees are a major unifying facet of Palestinian identity and an important symbol of Palestinian history but also a major source of conflict in the peace process. Many feel that improvements in refugee camps alongside successful integration in host countries will dilute the intensity in the demand for a right for return. But is the cost of exclusion as a refugee, one worth paying for the Palestinian cause? Arwa Aburawa explores

Handala, the figure of a barefooted, ragged, young refugee is a timeless symbol of the Palestinian struggle. A creation of the cartoonist Naji Al-Ali who was assassinated in London, Handala is the eternal refugee; living a life in exile and refusing to forget his homeland Palestine. His image is scrawled across walls in refugees camps, waved on placards in protests and is a constant reminder that the experience of dispossession and exile are central to Palestinian identity. Indeed, according to the latest figures from UNRWA the total Palestinian refugee count is more than six million people.

Continue reading

Palestinian, Jordanian, or both?

by Arwa Aburawa
23 September 2008

Manchester, England – “I love Jordan,” whispered a young refugee girl. “I love Jordan even though I’m Palestinian.”

Listening to Ibtisaam, a proud Palestinian who lives in the expansive refugee camps of Jordan, I could see that this was a hard confession to make. In light of her Palestinian pride it was hard to justify her love of Jordan since this was seen as a denial of her Palestinian self – a direct challenge to her Palestinian roots.

Why is this so? In a country where much of the population is of Palestinian-origin yet holds full Jordanian citizenship rights, why do many feel that they can’t be both Palestinian and Jordanian?

This is an ongoing debate between Jordanian nationalists and Jordanian pluralists. The nationalists have put forward an exclusive concept of identity, based on the notion that an individual can be loyal only to one country. They state that Palestinians can only become part of the Jordanian national community if they reject all aspects of their Palestinian identity.

Pluralists, on the other hand are in favour of an identity that embraces multiple loyalties, in which one can choose to be both Palestinian and Jordanian. Pluralists have also asserted the possibility for integration of Palestinian Jordanians without complete assimilation.

Nonetheless, a new generation of Palestinians is emerging which has no lived experience in Palestine, and while they have a strong sense of Palestine, they recognise that their long-term future is Jordan, not only because of the difficulties of returning but because they have made Jordan their home.

In building their lives in Jordan, many younger Palestinians have developed deep roots in the country in which they live. These young people are reinterpreting and reworking the social worlds they inherited. They are expressing these multiple identities and learning to move fluidly between elements of their identity – perhaps with some hesitation, but their confidence will grow.

In a sense, the Jordanian identity is already a hybrid of pre-state identities such as religion, Arab nationalism and a sense of tribalism. Early forms of Palestinian identity were also multi-faceted and allowed Palestinians to identify with the Ottoman Empire, religion, Arabism, and their homeland. It seems that both these identities – Jordanian and Palestinian – share a fluidity, a deep-rooted pluralism that lies at the heart of their national identity.

As a result, Jordanian identity needn’t be exclusive, it hasn’t been for a number of decades and its inclusivity towards diverse complementary identities can be illustrated throughout history. In other words, change towards a more inclusive national identity is possible.

According to Stefanie Nanes, assistant professor of political science at Hofstra University, for Jordan to become more inclusive of Palestinians isn’t a distant, extraordinary request; it would simply be a “continuation of a Jordanian practice of incorporation and inclusion.”

In Western communities where hybrid-identities are more widely accepted and acknowledged, Palestinians are already embracing their dual identity. Western citizens fully accept their Palestinian roots without having to reject the idea of being simultaneously British or American. Such a model may work well in Jordan where young Palestinians are no longer comfortable living on the margins of Jordanian society, as legal citizens but without a representative identity.

In our increasingly interconnected and multi-cultural world, where many people do not fit easily into one specific national identity – citizens whose identities are complex myriads of loyalties and communities – it is important that hyphenated plural identities become more widely accepted.

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* Arwa Aburawa is pursuing a masters degree in international journalism at Liverpool John Moores University in England. This article was written for the Common Ground News Service (CGNews) and can be accessed at www.commongroundnews.org.

http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=24027&lan=en&sid=1&sp=0